ДЕРЖАВНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ПОДОЛАННЯ ЦИФРОВОЇ НЕРІВНОСТІ ДЛЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ДОСТУПУ ГРОМАДЯН ДО УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ ПОСЛУГ

Abstract

Problem setting. The introduction of digital technologies in all spheres of society is a global trend in the development of the state, which necessitates the need to adapt and meet modern requirements. In the process of digital transformation of the state, there is a transfer of digital public services to the virtual plane, which significantly reduces the time spent on access to management services and minimizes the risks associated with human intervention in the algorithm of service delivery. However, free access to management services is impossible without high-quality Internet coverage of all settlements and the main ways to connect them. White spots of coverage on the map of (Consolidated coverage of all 4G / 3G operators in Ukraine) prove that the problem of access to high-quality broadband coverage by fixed and mobile Internet is relevant and needs an immediate solution. Other factors hindering the digital transformation are the cost of connecting a household in a remote area and the availability of at least basic digital skills for Ukrainian citizens. Thus, there is a need for constant monitoring of the current map of broadband coverage of the territory of Ukraine, keeping statistics on the use of digital public services by region to respond quickly to problems in case of their occurrence. Recent research and publications analysis. The causes of digital inequality have been studied in the scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists. In particular, in their analytical report, Dubov DV and Ozhevan MA Internet access as an important prerequisite for innovative development of (2013) conducted a general analysis of the state of broadband in Ukraine. The existence of a digital divide in is defined in the Agenda 2020 (2016), the analytical work of the Ukrainian Institute of the Future Ukraine 2030 E (2018), the draft National Strategy for the Development of Broadband Internet Access (2020). The study of the Ministry of Transformation Digital Literacy of the Population of (2019) illustrates the main gaps in the formation of digital skills of Ukrainian citizens and demonstrates the need to develop relevant courses adapted to the needs of digital education of different segments of the population. The paper objective research of the causes of digital inequality in and analysis of state projects aimed at overcoming them to increase the demand for digital public services. The paper main body. The paper deals with such social problem as the digital divide that there is not only between big cities and small villages which located far from the main roads but also there a digital gap in the level of citizen's digital skills. The conducted analysis of the relevant scientific researches and legal acts of reveals that we need Broadband not less than 100 megabits per second data connectivity speed to have an access to digital public services; high quality online learning not only for students, but for various ages men and women; for specialized medical consultation, and so on. The novelty of the research can be seen in the analysis of fixed and mobile broadband coverage, accessibility for people on lower incomes, the digital skills requirements, and the government programs for creating digital progress. In the paper, we examined laws and regulations which govern the process of digital transformation. The approach is especially helpful when we can draw an analogy between big cities with well-developed digital infrastructure and small villages without any Internet access providers and find strategies that can change this situation. The observational research methods of scientific analysis provide an opportunity to observe Internet users' behavior and that will help to implement the modern course of digital literacy development. Conclusions of the research. It was found that there are no programs for low-income persons' access to broadband, especially among poor rural people. This phenomenon is closely connected with low digital literacy. Our observations can be particularly efficient when investigating the pandemic impact of the virus Sars-Cov-2 for the study of digital skills development. The results made it possible to conclude that for realizing access to digital public services we need high-speed broadband that cover all inhabited locality and different programs for improving digital skills.