ЭТНИЧЕСКИЕ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ОБРАЗЫ СИБИРИ ДО РЕВОЛЮЦИИ

Abstract

The article provides an analysis of changes in the evaluation of the concepts of “unorthodoxes” “non-Russians “, “foreigners”, Russians and “the Russians” and their place in the history of Siberia from the 16th c. to 1917. The author records that the theme has not been sufficiently investigated in the national and foreign Siberian studies, since the borderline situations and “personal stories”, the transformation of ethnic consciousness and confessional identity have remained beyond the attention of scientists. It is determined that socionics: “foreigners”, “foreign speakers” (until the second half of the 18th century) in everyday life at the time mutually separated Aboriginal, indigenous people, Christians, Muslims and others. Hence the definition used in legal acts – “Unorthodoxes of Mohammedan law”. It is stated that Slavs, Turks, Samoyeds in Siberia have always were open ethnic groups, which through the assimilation and acculturation constantly included “new blood”, although in state policy the isolation and Russification were often present. Sometimes the adoption of Orthodoxy turned out to be the only way to pass from the state of slavery among fellow believers – through becoming a fellow tribesman. The Siberian frontier defended loyal subjects from attacks, but did not destroy with “foreign” fellow tribesmen and co-religionists (some of them were in a state of political choice). The author believes that the frontier was a “focal” conglomerate of various racial, cultural and civilizational zones in which one and the same ethnic group could have varying degrees of complementarity with respect to the new settlers. The fellow believers were among them, but they were “the others”. It is postulated that many of locals (particularly, the Slavs) perceived their exclusion as an objective reality, claiming that they are Siberians, and Russia begins only to the west of the Ural mountains.