АНАЛІТИЧНИЙ ОГЛЯД МІЖНАРОДНИХ ДОКУМЕНТІВ, ЩО РАТИФІКОВАНІ В УКРАЇНІ, ТА НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ВИМОГ ДО ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ УСТАТКУВАННЯ, ЩО СПАЛЮЄ ОРГАНІЧНЕ ПАЛИВО

Abstract

The article provides an analytical review of international documents ratified in Ukraine and national requirements for the operation of equipment that burns organic fuel, namely the Paris Agreement (reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, reduction of consumption of traditional energy resources, increase of the share of renewable sources), the National Emissions Reduction Plan pollutants from large combustion plants (limitations on dust, SO2, NOx emissions), the European Green Deal and the introduction of a carbon border adjustment mechanism by the European Union (EU). Formation of restrictions on the volume of emissions into the atmosphere. Environmental performance indicators and their relationship with energy efficiency indicators used in forecasting energy consumption. The research methodology is based on general research methods of information analysis and synthesis, which are used to systematize the data of the current legislation. The purpose of this work is to review the current international agreements, in which Ukraine participates, regarding harmful emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases, and the changes that have occurred in them recently. In the future, the directions and volumes of reducing the consumption of organic fuel in industrial technologies by increasing energy efficiency or replacing it with less dirty types of fuel should be determined. The result of the review is a list of the main obstacles to the fulfillment of Ukraine’s obligations and possible ways of solving this problem. Thus, in relation to Ukraine, the goal of the Paris Agreement is not to exceed the level of greenhouse gas emissions at the level of 60% from 1990 over the next 15 years. This seems quite achievable. Not so easy with the National Plan for the Reduction of Pollutant Emissions from Large Combustion Plants (NPCP). The deadline for its implementation and the deadline for the implementation of the relevant EU Directive have been extended to January 1, 2038. The reason is the impossibility of implementing it within the established time limits until 2028–2033 due to the rather short set time limits and lack of state funding. With regard to the European Green Deal and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, it is worth noting that one of the negative results will be a decrease in the competitiveness of steel from Ukrainian enterprises, where it is produced using blast furnaces, in the European Union it will become less competitive compared to steel from Canada or South Korea. About a third of Ukrainian exports to the EU will fall under the scope of SVAM. Ukraine is conducting successful negotiations with the EU in order to obtain more loyal conditions. The EU’s position regarding Ukraine on CBAM will depend on the readiness of the emissions trading system (ETS), which should be launched in 2025–2026.