Abstract
The main sources of thermal energy for the heat supply of cities and settlements are fuel-based thermal power plants and boilers. The article provides an analysis of the energy balance of a power plant in connection with the need to minimize the cost of fuel and electricity for heat supply. New analytical expressions comprehensively characterizing the efficiency of a power plant are developed. The analytical assessment of the impact of energy costs for the boiler needs on the energy balance of thermal power plant is made; methods for constructing schemes of the energy balance of thermal power plant and assessment of fuel efficiency in the boiler are designed. Attention is paid to errors arising from the use of the calculated values of air suction in the gas path of the boiler, and not the actual ones. Therefore, it is proposed to change the method of measuring heat loss with flue gases in order to eliminate or reduce the effect of air suction on the measurement results, taking into account the part of the flue gas heat received by the air in the air heater and returned to the boiler through the burner. The methods increasing accuracy of calculations of energy efficiency of the technological processes which are key in the centralized heat supply of the cities and settlements are developed.
Highlights
The article provides an analysis of the energy balance of a power plant in connection with the need to minimize the cost of fuel and electricity for heat supply
Attention is paid to errors arising from the use of the calculated values of air suction in the gas path of the boiler, and not the actual ones
It is proposed to change the method of measuring heat loss with flue gases in order to eliminate or reduce the effect of air suction on the measurement results, taking into account the part of the flue gas heat received by the air in the air heater and returned to the boiler through the burner
Summary
Разработке технологических и технических решений по совершенствованию работы ТЭС, как правило, должны предшествовать расчет и составление схемы ее энергетического баланса. 1 показана усовершенствованная автором схема энергетического баланса КЭС, состоящая из трех основных частей: I – котлоагрегат, II – средства транспорта рабочего тела (насосы, трубопроводы, арматура и т.п.) и III – турбоагрегат. 1) разделены газами, через наружные поверхности и др.; 2 - пона потоки: 1 – потери котлоагрегата с уходящими тери через теплоизоляцию средств транспорта. 2019, No10 рабочего тела, с утечками пара и воды и др.; 3, 4 и 5 – потери через конденсатор турбины с охлаждающей водой в окружающую среду, связанные с выработкой энергии, затрачиваемой на привод механизмов собственных нужд; 6 – потери через конденсатор турбины с охлаждающей водой в окружающую среду, связанные с выработкой электроэнергии, отпущенной потребителю; 7 и 8 – потери в окружающую среду от электродвигателей
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