СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СОРТОВ МНОГОЛЕТНИХ БОБОВЫХ ТРАВ ПО БИОЛОГО-ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫМ ПРИЗНАКАМ

Abstract

The paper presents the results of research on the formation and comparative characteristics of the sandy esparcet. The object of research was six varieties of sandy esparcet of domestic breeding. The esparcet variety, the North Caucasian double–axis, served as a control. During statistical data processing, the best samples were compared with the standard. The evaluation of the varieties of esparcet was also carried out according to a complex of economically valuable characteristics in order to identify varieties of the hay-pasture type. The plants were sown in a wide order and individually in a row. The direct dependence of the formation of esparcet seeds on weather conditions is noted. In the first year of life, the esparcet plants developed unevenly, reaching a maximum height of 125 cm and a minimum height of 108 cm. Of the studied varieties of esparcet, the varieties Sir and Zernogradsky 2 were characterized by the greatest foliage. From 41.3 to 44.1 flowers are formed on the plants of the studied varieties of esparcet. At the same time, the number of seeds formed was 21.4-28.9 pcs./plant. The lowest seeding rates were observed in the Sandy variety 1251 – 59.09%. To solve the problem of feed protein, the biological capabilities of perennial legumes are of great importance, the cultivation of which allows you to reduce the cost of nitrogen fertilizers, while obtaining high yields of good quality. Esparcet crops annually accumulate about 150 kg/ha of nitrogen in the process of symbiosis. The largest number of nodules formed on the roots of esparcet plants of the second year of life of the Rusich variety. As shown by the analysis of the effectiveness of legume-rhizobial symbiosis, the number of active nodules exceeded the number of inactive ones in both the first and second years of life by more than 3 times. On average, the number of active nodules on the roots of the esparcet in the first year of use was 249 pcs./plant. In terms of seed productivity, it was revealed that the Zernogradsky 2 and Altair varieties of the sandy esparceta of the second year of life exceeded the standard North Caucasian two-axis variety by 20.6 and 17.5%.