Интенсивная биологизация земледелия и её результаты (на примере ООО "Агрофирма "Слава картофелю" Чувашской Республики)

Abstract

The experience of the agriculture biologization is assessed on the example of the “Slava kartofelju” Agrofirm situated in the Komsomolsky District of the Chuvash Republic. The soil is presented by medium loamy leached chernozems. The content of humus in the arable layer varies from 7 to 11%, and the depth of the fertile layer varies from 50 to 110 cm. Soil-forming rocks are loess, loess-like loam (varying from light loam to heavy loam). In each crop rotation, perennial fabaceous or fabaceous-cereal crops were necessarily present. Straw and fertilizer were implemented to the soil in order to improve the balance of humus and biological parameters. Within the area of pea and cereals cultivation, due to the straw incorporation into the soil 36.6 kg of nitrogen, 16 kg of phosphorus and about 66 kg of potassium were returned to the soil per hectare on average. The share of melilot in the structure of crop areage contained 21.3%. In 2016 the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which entered the soil with melilot green manure mass contained: for nitrogen - 1055 t of ammonia nitrate, for phosphorus - 194 t of ordinary superphospate, for potassium - 470 t of potassium chloride. For the repeated green manuring after the melilot incorporation into the soil in 2016, the oil radish was sown in the beginning of the third decade of June on the area of 429.6 ha. The positive balance in potassium and phosphorus content was achieved due to the use of straw and broad implementation of green manure. Therefore, the share of biological nitrogen in the balance contained 76.3%, mineral nitrogen 23.7% correspondingly, and as for phosphorus and potassium it contained 42.6 and 68.0%