地域社会における治水事業進展の活動と費用負担 兵庫県佐治川水害予防組合を例として

Abstract

Sajigawa Flood Prevention Cooperative is one of the few cases that work actively even at present. The author intended to clarify its characteristic activities to promote prefectural river improvement works and its pecuniary mechanism to support its activities.Sajigawa Flood Prevention Cooperative was originally organized to bear a considerable portion of outlay for river improvement works allocated its area. But prefectural works were stopped, because the cooperative failed in settling disputes with the lower reaches on burden of expenditure. After the failure, the flood prevention works were eventually realized with national financial aid by its active and continuous petitions to Hyogo Prefecture and national government. Thus active petitions became one of the most important and main works of the cooperative hereafter.The other important activity of Sajigawa Flood Prevention Cooperative was to substitute partially for prefectural government as land expropriation agent. Hyogo Prefectural Government easily bought up the land for river improvement works and promoted its works through the agency of cooperative.Financial source of the cooperative consisted of cooperative dues, contributions from adjoining municipalities and land expropriation payment. Cooperative dues consisted of those imposed on land and house individually in proportion to flood damage and those allocated equally to municipalities consisiting the cooperative.After 1969 when adjoining municipalities entered the cooperative, cooperative dues changed into those imposed to four towns consisting the cooperative in proportion of river length. Hence individual dues were abolished after 1969.Contributions from adjoining municipalities aimed to expand prefectural flood prevention works into adjoining area through active petitions of the cooperative. But these contributions stopped, because adjoining municipalities incorporated into two towns consisting the cooperative.Land expropriation payment was that land owner payed one percent of selling price to the cooperative in case of land expropriation substituted by the cooperative. This system abolished because of complication derived from land expropriation payment of adjoining municipalities.As mentioned above, characteristics of Sajigawa Flood Prevention Cooperative are unique. These characteristics were formed by some causes as follows.1. Sajigawa Flood Prevention Cooperative did not need to bear large amount of cost allocated by prefecture, because prefectural flood prevention works were realized with national aid.2. Another financial sources except cooperative dues were avail able: contributions from adjoining municipalities and land expropriation payment.3. Most members of the cooperative were sma llholders, especially of cultivated field. They could not pay large amount of dues, because they could not earn large profits from their field.