칠레의 국가폭력과 미완의 과거사 청산

Abstract

This study examines the results of the process of the settlement of past history by tracing back the relation between the democratization and confronting the state terrorism during the Military Dictatorship in Chile. After the coup d’etat, the Chilean Military dictatorship committed large-scale state violence against human rights for 17 years. The democratic governments had to investigate and reveal the human right violations under the institutional obstacles that already had been established by the Military Dictatorship. It was impossible to promote trials of human-right violators because of La Ley de Amnistía of 1978 and the Constitution of 1980. In addition, neoliberal economic policy has exacerbated inequality in Chile.<BR>In a difficult situation, the first effort for the settlement of the past history was establishment of La Comisión Nacional de Verdad y Reconciliación and publication of the report under Patricio Aylwin government. It compiled a record of the victims and recognized state violence in the national level. However, there were several definite limits for democratic government to go beyond finding the truth. The arrest and trial of Pinochet in London promoted the demand of justice on state violence in Chile. After the trial, it begun to put an end to impunity for Pinochet. The second effort was establishment of La Comisión Nacional sobre Prisión Política y Tortura under Ricardo Lagos government.<BR>Although the Chilean transition to democracy maintained the basic continuity of confronting the state terrorism during the Military Dictatorship, the problems of state violence still remains. The human right issues with respect to Colonia Dignidad and Mapuche reveal that the problems of state violence is more extensive and deep-rooted in history of Chile. In this sense, the process of the settlement of past history is incomplete.