Abstract
BACKGROUND : Obesity is one of the most frequent chronic diseases in the world. The true prevalence of obesity in the Russia significantly exceeds the data of official statistics and remains at the moment insufficiently studied. AIM : to study the main epidemiological features of obesity in children and adolescents in the Udmurt Republic (UR). MATERIALS AND METHODS : The data of official statistics for the period from 2005 to 2016 were analyzed. A total of 9662 children aged 1–17 years living in large cities and rural areas of the UR were examined (the ratio of urban and rural residents was 1:1), of which 4795 boys (49.6%), girls 4867 (50.4%). Age features of the disease were analyzed in groups of 1–3 years, 3–7 years, 7–12 years, 12–15 years, over 15 years. At the standard deviation (SD) values of the body mass index (BMI) from +1 to +2 SD, excess body weight was diagnosed, with an excess of +2 SD – obesity. The degree of obesity was assessed according to the classification of V.A. Peterkova et al. (2014) Epidemiological data were calculated for 1000 surveyed. RESULTS : Official statistics showed a steady increase in the prevalence of obesity: in the 0–14 age group, the indicator (per 1000 children's population) increased from 5.4 (2005) to 16.2 (2016), among adolescents 15–17 years – from 7,5 to 45,4 respectively. In the epidemiological survey, overweight was recorded in 166,5 children, obesity in 67.1 (per 1000 surveyed). Data on a higher incidence of obesity in rural residents compared to urban residents (7.3% and 6.1%, respectively, p <0.05) were obtained. The disease was more often registered in boys (8,7%, in girls 4.7%, p <0.05). Thehighest prevalence of overweight was registered is 1–3 years (217.4 per 1000 people surveyed), of obesity – 7–12 years (93.1 per 1000 people surveyed). The lowest prevalence rates of both overweight and obesity are registered in the age group over 15 years. СONCLUSIONS : The study showed the importance of the problem of obesity in children and adolescents in the region.
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