Оцінка ефективності застосування еластичної підкладки як засобу для скорочення термінів адаптації до знімних пластинчастих протезів в процесі ранньої ортопедичної реабілітації пацієнтів

Abstract

Objectives. Study of ways to increase the efficiency of immediate prosthetic treatment of patients with asymmetric distally unlimited defects of dental rows by using clinical relining of partial removable dentures with elastic material to reduce the time of adaptation to dentures and normalize the functional activity of the masticatory muscles. Materials and methods. The efficiency of clinical relining of partial removable dentures using an elastic lining with Ufi Gel P from VOCO (Germany) was evaluated by electromyographic examination with BioEMG III electromyograph from BioRESEARCH Associates, Inc. (USA). The bioelectrical activity of the temporal and masseter muscles was evaluated during maximum voluntary clenching and mastication. The quantitative indicators of the amplitude of biopotentials (μV) and the qualitative characteristics of the chewing cycles were evaluated. Results. Our study has revealed that patients with asymmetric distally unlimited defects of dental rows had shown a significant decrease in the amplitude of biopotentials of the masticatory muscles compared to patients in the control group during maximum voluntary clenching and chewing, as well as a significant asymmetry of the bioelectric activity of the masticatory muscles on the right and left. During mastication there were significant differences in the size and duration of chewing cycles, a decrease in the duration of rest periods and the average number of chewing movements increased almost two times compared with intact dentition. A month after prosthetics, the indicators of bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles improved in both study groups of patients, but the most significant increase in amplitude was observed in the second group with a soft lining. There was also revealed a significant increase in the symmetry of bioelectric activity of the masticatory muscles, an improvement in the characteristics of the masticatory cycles and normalization of the activity and rest periods duration ratio in patients of the second group, while in patients of the 1st clinical group the indicators of symmetry did not change significantly. The average number of chewing movements required to chew the hazelnut kernel decreased to 38.7±16.2 and 29.3±10.7 respectively, in groups 1 and 2, which indicates an increase of masticatory efficiency. Conclusions. In the framework of this study, the high efficiency of elastic lining for the successful rehabilitation of patients with asymmetric distally unlimited defects in case of early prosthodontic interventions was proved. Our observations have shown that the use of the soft lining significantly increases the functional parameters of the masticatory system, shortens the period of adaptation to removable dentures and supports the formation of the alveolar processes relief without irregularities.