ТОПОНІМ СИБІР В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ПОЕЗІЇ КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ ДІАХРОНІЇ

Abstract

The analysis of literary onyms through the prospective of diachrony opens up new scientific aspects since it not only enables the establishment of text-creating, stylistic functions of proper names, but allows to grasp the depth of their semantic-pragmatic evolution in artistic discourse. The diachronic attempt is made to determine the realization of the pragmatic potential of the Siberia toponym in Ukrainian poetry from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the present day (the operation of the Siberia lexeme has not been documented in the ancient author’s and folk poetry). Thus a broad factual material is involved in the analysis. The research shows that Siberia toponym functions in Ukrainian poetry as a precedent cultural sign with a wide range of negative-evaluative connotative semas with the dominant ‘captivity’ (‘prison’, ‘hard labor on exile’, ‘exile’, ‘torment’, ‘death’, etc.). It contains extensive encyclopedic information about the historic situations known to the native Ukrainian speakers, which relates to the facts of exile to Siberia, the presence of various leaders and entire human communities in the exile. The greatest functional activity of the proper name Siberia is expressed in the poetry of Ivan Bahrianyi (27 uses), Yar Slavutych (17 uses), Taras Shevchenko (15 uses) and Vasyl Stus (13 uses), which gives grounds for expressing an argumentated statement about its remarkable significance for these writers. The analyzed toponym has strong pejorative connotation, it actually does not require the expression of traditional tropical and other means. We fix, however, numerous examples of pluralization of Siberia horonym in poetic discourse of the twentieth century in order to transform it into a multi-valued symbol. Key words: onym, toponym, horonym, semantics, pragmatics, poetic discourse, Siberia.