Горизонтальная прфессиональная мобильность, профессиональное образование и рынок труда в России в динамике лет

Abstract

The study of educational reality and the interrelationship of the sphere of education and the labour market began to occupy one of the principal places in the analysis of social structure and social stratification. The gap between the sphere of education and the labour market reveals a serious discrepancy in the interaction between people and fundamental social institutions, and the gap between the requirements of the real economy and the actual knowledge and competencies of employees is deepening.According to experts, another round of technological development will lead to a change in the employment landscape. It is not just about the disappearance of existing professions and the emergence of new spheres of professional activity but also about changing approaches in understanding employment, productivity, and efficiency of work. The proportional correlation of emerging and replaced professions certainly depends on the level of technological development of the country, economic and social factors. At the same time, intellectual potential and human capital is still the main factor of future development. Nowadays an important role will be played not only by the level of education but also by the ability to learn new skills, constant adaptation and professional mobility.In the article, an attempt was made to study horizontal professional mobility in the dynamics of years, to understand its scale and territorial specifics in the Russian Federation on the available materials of state statistics and data of the RLMS-HSE during 1998-2016 years. Specialists and workers of various qualifications aged from 30 to 49 years old more often tend to change their profession, and their level of education is not a statistically significant determinant of such a choice. It has been shown that different professional groups have unequal capital of flexibility and mobility, meanwhile specialists and workers remain the core of labour resources. Specialists and workers more than other professional groups are in the risk zone not only during a difficult economic situation, but also in the situation of technological changes and automation of the labor market. It is noted that without an appropriate contribution to the development of skills technological progress does not translate into economic growth, and the country loses its competitiveness in a rapidly developing global economy.