중국어 경험상 표지 ‘過’의 유형학적 특징과 문법화 과정

Abstract

There is an Experiential Aspect Marker -GUO(過) in Chinese, which is a peculiar feature in the Aspect Systems of the world’s languages. -GUO is divided into –GUO₁ which denotes the completion of an action and experiential -GUO₂ . -GUO₁ and -GUO₂ are all derived from the full verb GUO(to cross). Before the Tang Dynasty, GUO is only used as verb. In the Tang Dynasty, -GUO came to be used as Completive Aspect Marker -GUO₀ . In the Song Dynasty, -GUO₁ and -GUO₂ came to appear, and in the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, these two functions are the main functions of -GUO. So we can conclude that -GUO₁ and -GUO₂ are simultaneously evolved, and while -GUO₂ is fully grammaticalized to Experiential Aspect Marker, -GUO₁ is still in the gradual stage from Completive Aspect Marker to Perfective Aspect Marker because of the existence of the fully grammaticalized Perfective Aspect Marker -LE.BR Then what is the mechanism of grammaticalization from -GUO₀ to -GUO₁ and -GUO₂? In the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, about 80% of -GUO₁s are used in the prior clauses of sequential clauses. The prior events are viewed as bounded temporally, and -GUO included in these contexts are reanalysed as perfective aspect marker. -GUO₂ indicates that something has been experienced during some time prior to a particular reference time. Completive -GUO₀ only views the internal process of an event, so it can be used at some time in the past, this is why -GUO₀ evolves to -GUO₂.