АНАЛІЗ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ У ТУРИЗМІ

Abstract

International tourism is one of the most important sectors of the world economy, which affects the main economic indicators of each country and stimulates the development of many other sectors of the economy, including transport infrastructure, communications, trade, construction, improvement of recreational areas and others. The article considers the main global trends that affect international tourism. In particular, data on international departures and international tourism expenditures in some countries in 2016-2019 were analyzed. A decrease in the number of international arrivals in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the world regions was established, as well as a comparison with similar indicators in 2018 was made. The main reasons of this fact are: firstly, the introduction of travel restrictions (in 2020) that had an extremely negative impact on the global tourism industry; secondly, the demand declining for tourist trips; and, thirdly, the uncertainty of the pandemic situation. New forms of tourism that appear in the world (nostalgic tourism, gastronomic tourism, shopping tourism, patriotic tourism, business tourism, health tourism, individual tourism, ecotourism) have been studied. The increase in travel expenses aimed at solving professional and business issues is justified, the reasons for this trend were analyzed, considering the fact that the share of people who traveled for this purpose did not change significantly during 2014-2018. It has been found that climate change poses risks and threats to some tourism types, such as winter sports and beach recreation. This can reduce the competitiveness of some popular resort areas. Therefore, there is a need to implement sustainable lifestyles, innovations, including in the tourism industry, in order to minimize damage to the environment. The measures that need to be taken at the international level in order to reconstruct world tourism are presented. The analysis of global trends of tourism industry development will make it possible to conduct a clearer and more consistent policy, both at the level of individual states and on a global scale.