СОМАТИЗМЫ В ЯЗЫКОВОМ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИИ МИРА (на материале русского и чувашского языков)

Abstract

The authors analyze in a comparative way Russian and Chuvash words and phraseological units that make up the lexical category “somatisms” in the Russian and Chuvash linguistic world view. Within the framework of this lexical category, the somatisms “head”, “heart”, “arm”, “shoulder”, “elbow”, “finger”, “nail”, “eyes”, “nose”, “ears”, “tongue”, “lip”, “tooth”, “neck”, “back of the head”, “back”, “guts”, “liver”, “leg” are considered. The study is carried out on the material of lexicographic and folklore sources. The lexemes that make up the lexical category “somatisms” are for the first time comprehensively analyzed in a comparative aspect in the context of national cultural traditions as elements of the cultural code of an ethnic group. In the course of the research, we used such methods as dictionary definition analysis, distributive analysis, cluster analysis, conceptual analysis, and the comparative method. Comparative study of lexical semantics of somaticisms in the Russian and Chuvash languages reveals the following main types of relations: equivalence, intersection, divergence and lacunarity. Of the four identified types of semantic relations, equivalence and intersection prevail. The results of the undertaken analysis are intended to contribute to the further study of the national and cultural features of the linguistic modeling of the world.