Фраземи з антонімічними компонентами (на матеріалі поетичних текстів)

Abstract

The article analyzes the semantic functions of phrasemes with antonymic components in the poetic dictionary. Among the established collocations with semantically opposite components, recorded in poetic texts, two functional and semantic groups have been distinguished: phrasemes as a means of characterization of the individual and phrasemes used to evaluate objects, phenomena and processes of objective reality. As a result of the analysis, it has been found out that the phraseological units of the first group characterize age, physical properties, mental state, emotions, actions, religious beliefs of the individual and others. Among the phrasemes of the second group in poetic texts, typical phrases with antonymic components which represent the temporal characteristics of the action or state have been identified. Among the phrasemes that express locative relations, predominate established collocations, the components of which indicate the coverage of the whole space and form a stylistic figure – amphitheses. It has been found out that commonly used phraseological units, which are based on semantically opposed lexical units, undergo the following individual author’s transformations in poetic works: replacement of the stylistically neutral component of phraseological unit by its expressive synonym; expansion of phraseological unit by introducing additional components to clarify and enhance expressiveness; anonymization of a phraseological unit by replacing the connecting conjunction and in its composition by the negative particle no (not); creation of occasional meaning of a phraseological unit. The analysis of the factual material has shown that phrasemes with antonymic components in poetic texts perform various semantic functions (characterize the mental state, emotions, physical properties, actions of the individual; represent temporal and locative relations). Commonly used established collocations with semantically opposite components undergo various transformations in poetic works.