動機づけは文化によって形成される：多様な文化と文脈におけるコントロールとエージェンシー

Abstract

Motivation is a core interest in social, personality, and cultural psychology. Humans around the world share certain core motives：to achieve meaning, to feel in control and agentic, to participate in mutually caring relationships, and others. I’ll present a cultural psychology perspective on motivation and then focus on the motive for control and agency. Control can be broadly defined as aligning the self with one’s environment. Psychologists have studied two control orientations—one in which people influence the environment (originally called primary control), and one in which they adjust, or accommodate to the environment (originally called secondary control). Cultures and contexts shape the experience of control. Influence is more elaborated in individual achievement contexts and North American cultures. Adjustment and accommodation is more elaborated in relationship contexts and Asian cultures. Several studies by my collaborators and other scholars illustrate these themes.