Солеустойчивость интродуцированных древесно-кустарниковых видов на засоленных почвах Апшеронского полуострова Азербайджана

Abstract

The aim of the scientific work is to identify the degree of salt tolerance of new tree-shrub species brought from various soil and climatic regions of the world, introduced and widely used in landscape arrangements on the Absheron peninsula of Azerbaijan. In connection with the expansion and development of urban development, greening arrangements are also expanded, the appearance of large cities changed, the number of new parks, boulevards and green spaces increased, especially in the coastal zones of the Caspian Sea embankments. The structure of the soil of the Absheron Peninsula is sandy, sandy-loamy, with low water retention capacity. The Absheron peninsula of Azerbaijan is characterized by a characteristic sign of arid zones. However, the soil composition remains unchanged, which is characterized by chloride-sulfate, sulfate-chloride and chloride-carbonate salinization. In the coastal zones, chloride-carbonate salinization predominates, mainly 1500–2000 m from the sea, mainly chloride – sulfate, and sulfate – chloride in the central part of the peninsula. Due to the degree of salinity, the degree of salt tolerance is different for different species of woody-shrub plants. In the natural flora of the peninsula tree species are completely absent, the species composition of shrubs is small, mainly are found ephemeral and ephemerid species of herbaceous plants. The objects of study were Magnolia grandiflora L., Cupressus macrocarpa L., Sophora japonica L., among shrubs Nandina domestica Thunb., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Jasminum nudiflorum L., Lisium chinensis Mill, Euonymus japonica L., Nerium oleander, new types of cypress trees, various types of palm trees, etc. It was revealed that, in saline soil of the Absheron peninsula, the degree of influence of salinizing ions (Cl−, SO42−, and CO32−) on the accumulation of chlorophylls in the leaves of new introduced species has a direct correlative relationship. Toxic ions affect the protein-chlorophyll bond, the destruction of chloroplasts, and a decrease in photosynthesis, resulting in the formation of chlorophyllide and phytic acid, which promotes the formation of burns on a leaf blade and reduced the photosynthetic productivity.