СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МИГРАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В СЕЛЬСКОЙ МЕСТНОСТИ ДЕПРЕССИВНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

Abstract

When solving the problems of sustainable development of rural areas, it is necessary to use their existing natural resource potential, regardless of the degree of territorial concentration of the rural population. Meanwhile, the rate of population decline and migration outflow from rural areas are the most important indicators of depression. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the territorial features of migration processes in the North-West of the country, where the processes of reducing the number of rural residents are characterized by a relatively greater intensity. The research was carried out on the example of the western group of regions of the North-Western Federal District: Leningrad, Pskov and Novgorod, with a historically established unified system of mutual inflow and outflow of rural population. Economic and statistical research methods and methodological approaches and criteria, according to the Eurostat methodology, were used, including the typology of municipal districts according to the "village-city" criterion, the calculation of changes in the total population, the load factor of the working-age population by pensioners, the ranking of the regions of the Northwestern Federal District by density and number of rural population in 2014 and 2019. All regions of the North-West were grouped into four groups, depending on the coefficient of migration growth of the rural population per 1000 rural residents. The example of the Pskov region shows the intraregional differentiation of municipal districts by the size of the migration population growth in rural settlements in 2012-2019. On this basis, areas with positive total growth, average and maximum growth were identified. Taking into account the totality of the selected demographic indicators, the types and subtypes of the municipal districts of the Leningrad, Novgorod and Pskov regions are determined. In the context of each type of "city-village" districts, their subtypes were additionally distinguished by a combination of classes, depending on the rate of population decline and the degree of burden of able-bodied pensioners. This allowed us to identify territories with a more optimal combination of these indicators, as well as areas with their critical level. It is concluded that regular monitoring of the scale and direction of migration flows is especially necessary for the territories belonging to the depressive ones.