가선집재작업에서의 작업 생산성 및 비용 분석

Abstract

본 연구에서는 임목수확작업에 사용되는 집재기계의 작업효율성을 분석하여 경사가 급한(<TEX>$20^{\circ}$</TEX> 이상) 작업조건에 적합한 가선계 집재기계를 선정하는데 기초 정보를 제공하고자, 타워야더(RME-300T), 트랙터부착형 집재기(일명 : 춘천집재기), 트랙터윈치(FARMI) 등에 의한 집재작업에서의 작업생산성 및 비용을 비교 분석하였다. 평균 흉고직경이 20 cm, 집재거리 60 m, 가로집재거리 10 m, 그리고 기계이용률이 70%인 동일한 작업 조건에서 작업이 이루어질 경우, 타워야더의 1일 집재작업 생산성은 <TEX>$33.04m^3$</TEX>/일, 트랙터부착형 집재기는 <TEX>$38.47m^3$</TEX>/일, 그리고 트랙터윈치는 <TEX>$14.17m^3$</TEX>/일으로 분석되었으며, 이에 따른 집재작업비용은 각각 25,105원/<TEX>$m^3$</TEX>, 20,520원/<TEX>$m^3$</TEX>, 37,835원/<TEX>$m^3$</TEX>으로 나타났다. 동일한 작업조건에서 집재거리에 따른 각 집재기계별 작업효율성을 비교하였을 경우, 집재거리가 40 m 이내로 짧을 경우에는 트랙터윈치에 의한 집재작업이 효율적이며, 40~140 m의 집재거리에서는 춘천집재기가, 140 m 이상의 장거리 집재작업에서는 타워야더가 가장 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. This study was conducted to provide field-based harvesting study information which can be used to select an optimal cable system for certain work conditions on steep grounds (> <TEX>$20^{\circ}$</TEX> ground slope) in Korea. To accomplish this study objectives, we evaluated three cable yarding systems (RME-300T tower-yarder, Chuncheon tower-yarder, FARMI tractor winch) working in typical work conditions for their yarding productivity and operational efficiency. Those yarders are commonly used for removing logs or trees on steep grounds in Korea. Under the same work conditions (average DBH of tree to be cut, 20 cm; yarding distance, 60 m; lateral yarding distance, 10 m; and machine utilization rate, 70%), the average productivities were <TEX>$33.04m^3$</TEX>/day, <TEX>$38.47m^3$</TEX>/day, and <TEX>$14.17m^3$</TEX>/day for RME-300T, Chuncheon tower-yarder, and FARMI, respectively. Our standardized cost comparison study also showed that the yarding cost was highest at <TEX>$37,835won/m^3$</TEX> with FARMI, followed by RME-300T at <TEX>$25,105won/m^3$</TEX> for the same work conditions. We found the lowest yarding cost with the Chuncheon tower-yarder at <TEX>$20,520won/m^3$</TEX> which was resulted primarily from high yarding productivity at the yarding distance (60 m). Our analysis suggested that a small machine such as FARMI could be a low-cost yarding machine option for a cable yarding job with a short yarding distance (40 m or less). The Chuncheon tower-yarder is well suited for a mid-range yarding distance job in Korea, ranged between 40 to 140 m. If yarding distance were longer than 140 m, the RME-300T tower yarder appears to be most cost-effective.