後發優勢與趕超的競爭態勢演化 ─ 從日、韓經驗看兩岸汽車產業自主研發的發展機會

Abstract

The history of economic development reflects the history that the advanced of backwardness countries emulate the advanced ones. Through the history and modern society, for example, Ming Dynasty in 17th century, British Empire in 18th century, Germany in 19th century, and American, Japan, and East Asian Tigers (Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore) in 20th century, we can find a lot of examples of the emulation of advanced of backwardness countries. We may wonder why some of these advanced of backwardness countries which are inferior to advanced countries in economy, science, and technology are able to catch up advanced ones in a short time. For example, in Japan and Korea which are advanced of backwardness than America and European Countries, through the government and the people’s effort, their automobile industry succeeds in emulating the automobile industry in these advanced countries. However, other advanced of backwardness countries are not able to do it. On the contrary, the gap is getting larger and larger. What are the key elements of success of Japan and Korea ? What kind of strategies do they use in order to develop their advantages in the international market ? How does the evolution of the competition progress? And through a micro view of China automobile market, do these key elements exist in cross-Strait automobile industry ? If no, can the cross-Strait automobile imitate the strategies of Japan and Korea ? These questions motivate the researcher and are the purposes of this research . Through the research, it is found that in the progress of Japanese and Korean success in automobile industries, the government plays a crucial role and is one of the key elements of success. The government devotes itself to support the national factories which deal with automobile components fabrication. In addition, the government adopts appropriate policies, invests much money and human resources, and regards the automobile industry as fundamental industry. Meanwhile, the government also arouses people’s interest and enthusiasm toward the national industry. In sum, there are five main policies toward the industry: the direction of industrial development, the fixed position in the international market, the economies of scale, the internal competition, and the adjustment of the product mix. It is also founded that in China automobile market, there are more advantages and superior environments than those in Japan and Korea, for example, the comparative advantages of essential factors of production, the Clustering Effect of Industrial Cluster, skill spillovers and the speed of spread, and the intense internal competition and the pressure of promotion. These advantages provide many chances and environments to develop the automobile industry. Besides, the researcher discovers that the major factor in helping the industry progress rapidly is the “Fei-ling Experience” from Taiwan 20 years ago. The researcher considers that under China’s powerful and supportive policies, if the government can integrate Taiwanese innovative and flexible skills cooperation, the automobile industry can break the limit of skill development and achieve the emulation successfully. Then, it is possible for the cross-Strait automobile industry to develop its own market . In conclusion, based on the policies between cross-Strait governments, the assembling and spare parts factories between cross-Strait, the development and research of skill, testing centers, and the development of other related industries, the researcher provides some suggestions for references.