Вибір критерію оптимізації подрібнювачів-змішувачів біогазових установок

Abstract

Intensifying of ecological problems by organic wastes of stock-raising industry, and also a growing deficit of power resources is main reasons of intensification of developments in industry of production and effective use of biogas. The production of biogas that is the product of anaerobic fermentation of pus and other organic wastes gives not only refurbishable energy, but is the effective way of fight against contamination of environment. If by the primary purpose of application of biogas options to count their ecological - protective functions, then got biogas will be an additional and cheap energy source. Under metanogenesis understand an anaerobic microbiological process a biogas appears as a result of that. Fermentation comes true in the special impermeable capacities - methane-tanks, where all necessary terms of metanogenesis are created. Speed of curriculum of organic substances depends on the processes of vital functions of bacteria, on that external terms influence in turn. Part of these terms is permanent, humidity and absence are light for example, and other must be supported at certain level is an optimal temperature, supply of nutritives with corresponding correlation nitrogen is a carbon, and alkalinity of environment. Exactly main, that the set equipment maximally satisfied to the terms of vital functions of bacteria. Most researches are sanctified to the design of work of methane-tanks of biogas options depending on the modes of consumption of biogas and productivity of products of metanogenesis. But small the worked out questions of optimization of parameters of equipment that forms the technological system of production of biogas. A research aim is development of methodology of choice of criterion of optimization of technical and economic indicators indexes of grinding-mixers of biogas options. As an objective function an index, that functionally depends on quality of products on the exit of mixer, his sizes, power expenses on unit of products and cost of unit of volume of setting, is used. By the basic element of technological equipment, that provides quantitative and quality composition of nutritives in bunkers stores of biogas options there are the drum grinding down - mixers. Therefore, at planning it is necessary to decide the complex of the tasks, related to development of ideology of the system, her elements, work out normatively are methodical materials on the choice of optimal parameters equipments of the system, that will provide his production and exploitation with the minimum expenses of money and time. At the choice of construction of grinding down - mixer of the biogas setting pay attention to quality of products on an exit from an aggregate, overall sizes, power expenses on unit of products and cost of unit of volume of setting. At planning it is desirable to have such function concerning continuous-action grinding down - mixer, for the construction of that there are characteristic single capital costs, permanent running expenses and identical tenures of employment. If to consider, that expenses on preparation of components of mixture of products of fermentation are permanent and at all compared variants of mixer options the set productivity of the prepared products is provided and her homogeneity is needed, then as an objective function it is possible to use the index of economic efficiency. For simplification of calculations at planning of grinding-mixers of biogas options will apply the intermediate criterion of the technical and economic characteristics of grinding-mixers of Н. A certain size it comfortably to apply as technical and economic characteristics of mixers. The use of Н for the analysis of variants envisages a presence even one value of criterion the subsequent change of Р can be found on varying of Н. An analysis showed that a few variants of increase of criterion of optimization of continuous-action tumbler-blender are, it first of all: - increase of the by volume productivity of Q and intensities of Z of process of mixing; - reduction to the cost of В n of unit of volume of grinding-mixer, or powers of N, necessary for the rotation of working organs of setting. After the well-known values of parameters, that characterize kinetics of mixing and coefficient of heterogeneity the criterion of optimization of Р, and then got values of Н, was expected. As an objective function of optimization of tumblers-blenders of biogas options the index of economic efficiency, the variable quantities of that are specific capital investments in the mixer setting and specific running expenses, is offered. Taking into account the terms of extreme analytical expression of objective function of dependence of economic efficiency of grinding-mixers is got from their technological and technical indexes. It is set that for set coefficient of heterogeneity of the prepared mixture and productivity it is possible to define the most economic volume of the mixer setting, the index of that the maximal value of the technical and economic characteristics of Н.