ГЕЛИОПИРОЛИЗНАЯ УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ ТОПЛИВ ИЗ БИОМАССЫ И ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ОТХОДОВ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

Abstract

The analysis of scientific research has been carried out, which presents technologies for processing biomass and agricultural organic waste based on solar energy, providing alternative fuels for solving energy saving problems of autonomous consumers. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing and substantiating the main parameters of a heliopyrolysis plant with a parabolic solar concentrator for producing alternative fuels from biomass to meet the domestic needs of rural homes and farms. (Materials and methods) Analyzed the thermal and technological schemes of existing pyrolysis plants, thermal biomass processing systems and their energy intensity. A technological scheme of a heliopyrolysis plant with a parabolic solar concentrator has been developed. Based on the developed technological scheme, the design of an experimental heliopyrolysis installation with a parabolic solar concentrator was created. A methodology for conducting experimental studies on pyrolysis of biomass and organic waste using concentrated solar energy has been developed. (Results and discussion) Based on the results of experiments, it was shown that as a result of pyrolysis of 1 kilogram of rubber waste loaded into the reactor of the installation, 20 percent of liquid and 35 percent of gaseous fuels were obtained, 34 percent of coal, 10 percent of liquid and 56 percent of gaseous fuels were obtained from the same amount of chicken manure, 55 percent of liquid and 45 percent of gaseous fuel, from plant waste (cotton stalks) - 34 percent of coal, 26 percent of liquid and 40 percent of gaseous fuel. (Conclusions). It was found based on the results of the scientific research carried out and the technical and economic calculations carried out that the use of a parabolic solar concentrator in pyrolysis installations made it possible to increase the energy efficiency of the installation by 10-12 percent. It was determined that within one year, having processed 1.0 ton of biomass using a heliopyrolysis unit with a parabolic solar concentrator, it is possible to obtain 300-350 cubic meters of gaseous fuel, 350-400 kilograms of pyrolysis liquid, 200-300 kilograms of charcoal.