Приближенные цифровые модели роста и продуктивности растений (обзор)

Abstract

The article presents a brief review and analysis of existing mathematical models for calculating the growth and productivity of agricultural plants. Much attention is paid to the analysis of the first models of plant growth by T.B. Robertson, F.F. Blackman, E.A. Mitcherlich and other famous researchers. Important theoretical works by I.A. Poletaeva, T.I. Eman, Yu.I. Gilderman, G.P. Kareva et al., who established and for the first time took into account the competition of plants for the amount of energy received during pho-tosynthesis on the mechanism of plant growth and their productivity. In total, more than 30 mathematical models of famous authors are indicated. The article describes a new approximate digital model of growth and productivity of agricultural plants, taking into account the main provisions and results of the cellular theory of the structure and growth of plants, obtained in the fundamental works of D.A. Sabinina, R.O. Erickson, V.B. Ivanov and other researchers. For the first time in a new growth model, it is taken into account that the relative length of a plant cell and the relative increase in this length are proportional to the difference between the maximum length and the actual value of the cell length, and the relative number of plant cells and the relative increase in this number of cells are proportional to the difference between the maximum number of cells and the actual number of cells. For the first time a mathematical model of plant growth under the combined action of light, mineral nutrition and respiration was described. Examples of calculations are considered that show a good agreement between the actual and calculated values of plant height, productivity of different crops for different climatic and soil conditions.