기후변화 · 지속가능발전 · 코로나 펜데믹 대응 정책통합 분석 연구 : 유엔기후변화협약 하의 개도국 지원 메커니즘을 중심으로

Abstract

Since the year 2020, we have faced global challenges including the COVID-19 pandemic and the threat of climate change alongside sustainable development. Numerous policies have been designed and implemented in the context of tackling ongoing challenges. Developed countries have responded through individual policies for each challenge as well as policy packages. However, developing countries have faced more difficulties in responding to each of those challenges. Within the given context, United Nations-based policies focus on the relevance between or amongst respective policies on climate change, sustainable development, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies have shown that even separately undertaken policies are intertwined, overlapping, and sometimes even conflicting, and that there should be an integrative policy approach to avoid overlap and conflict and seek complementarity. Thus, some studies take an integrative approach at the center of sustainable development policies to integrate climate change and COVID-19 pandemic policies. Other studies explore the integration of COVID-19 pandemic response policy with sustainable development and climate policies. Yet, there is a lack of study regarding integrative approaches from climate change policy to sustainable development and COVID-19 policies. Therefore, this paper attempts to explore whether climate policy integrates sustainable development and COVID-19 pandemic policy response. This study explores three mechanisms in the United Nations Framework Convention (UNFCCC) that support developing countries: the Technology Mechanism, the Financial Mechanism, and the Market Mechanism. The analytical approach is grounded in policy integration theory. Analytical results show that all three mechanisms have integrated, though not fully sufficient, their climate policies with the policies to tackle sustainable development and in advance COVID-19 pandemic. This paper concludes with policy implications.