Особенности микробиоты плаценты при преждевременном излитии околоплодных вод и доношенной беременности

Abstract

The purpose — to study the microbial placental landscape at premature rupture of membrane (PROMt) in comparison with intact membranes at full-term pregnancy. Material and methods. At the City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N.I. Pirogov, 43 pregnant women at 37–41 weeks of gestation (24 persons with PROMt in the main group and 19 patients in the control group with intact membranes) placental tissue were taken during elective cesarean section for RT-PCR of the following microorganisms: Lactobacillus spp, Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Gardnerellavaginalis / Prevotella bivia / Porphyromonas spp., Eubacterium spp., Sneathia spp. / Leptotrihia spp. / Fusobacteriumspp, Megasphaera spp. / Veillonella spp. / Dialister spp., Lachnobacterium spp. / Clostridium spp., Mobiluncus spp. / Corynebacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Atopobiumvaginae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma (urealyticum + parvum), Candida spp., Mycoplasma genitalium. Results. The presence of a total bacterial mass of 103.1–104.5 Ge/sample was revealed at the placenta of full-term pregnancy. Sterile placentas were found both in the control (21,1%) and in the main groups (41,6%). In the placenta samples, we observed the predominance of the laboratory total bacterial mass (TBM) over the calculated one, i.e. they contained DNA of microorganisms that was not identified by the standard panel — the «unidentifiable» microorganisms (in the main group — 25,0% and in the control group — 52,6%). Enterobacteriaceae spp. (102,6 Ge/sample) were detected on the placental tissues of the patients with intact membrane. The placental microflora is gradually replaced by the vaginal one, obligate and facultative microflora of the vaginal biotope appeared. The presence of Lactobacillus spp. in placental tissues is characteristic only for patients with PROMt. Conclusion. A small amount of bacterial mass can be detected by RT-PCR at the physiologically full-term pregnancy, represented by Enterobacteriaceae spp. Lactobacillus spp. and anaerobic vaginal flora are also detected on placental samples at full-term pregnancy with PROMt.