НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПО РАЗРАБОТКЕ ПРОГНОЗА РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕХНИКИ И СИСТЕМЫ МАШИН ДЛЯ МЕХАНИЗАЦИИ И АВТОМАТИЗАЦИИ ПРОЦЕССОВ В ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВЕ

Abstract

Russian livestock products occupy a leading place in total agricultural output. Despite of a significant decrease in producing volumes in compared to the prereform period (1990) - total milk from 55,7 mln tons in 1990 till 32,3 mln tons in 2021, livestock and poultry’s live weight from 15,6 mln tons till 14,6 mln tons, eggs from 47,5 mln units to 44.8 mln units and the number of livestock (especially cows, sheep and goats) - the share of the industry in total agricultural output remains at 47-48% level. In the postreform period, main groups of commodity producers’ role and proportion have changed. The Russian livestock products’ main producers before the USSR liquidation were agricultural organizations in the of collective and state farms (collective farms and state farms) form, where 82,7% of cattle in total and 74,5% of cows, 81.5% of pigs, 70,5% of poultry, 72,3% of sheep and goats were concentrated; 75-79% of products there, and only 21,6-24,8% in households were produced. Subsectors of livestock perform important social-and-economical and technological functions. Livestock and feed production facilities are like the rural population permanent employment sphere and on this basis the rural settlements’ stability function performing and rural lifestyle preservation are made. Currently, about 4,0 million people are permanently employed in the livestock’s subsectors. Due to animals and poultry the number of collapse process reforming, there the in Russian agricultural sector more than 38,0 thousand rural settlements were eliminated, and more than 12,5 th settlements remain without a population; rural population’s proportion from 26,4% in 1990 till 25,2% in 2022 (from 38.9 mln people to 36,7 mln people) were decreased.