ЭЛЕКТРОННО-МИКРОСКОПИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В КЛЕТОЧНЫХ И ВНЕКЛЕТОЧНЫХ СТРУКТУРАХ НАДПОЧЕЧНИКОВ И ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ ПРИ ОСТРОЙ ГИПОКСИИ

Abstract

Objective: To study the morphofunctional features of ultrastructural changes in the cellular and extracellular structures of adrenal and thyroid glands during acute hypoxia. Methods: During the study, thyroid and adrenal glands of adult male white rats with a mass of 180-200 grams divided into 2 groups were used. In the course of the study, anatomic, histological, electron microscopic and morphometric examination methods were implemented. Results: Thus, in the comparative analysis of electron micrographs obtained from the ultrathin sections of both glands, cellular and extracellular acute dystrophic and destructive changes of adrenocytes of the adrenal gland induced by the acute hypoxia – separation of basal membranes into layers, edema of cells, hypertrophy as a compensatory reaction and vacuolation of organelles – observed at the early stage (second day) of the experiment, and on the 5th day of the experiment in thyrocytes and cytoplasmic organelles of the thyroid gland. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it can be concluded that hypobaric hypoxia affects the morphofunctional state of the adrenal and thyroid glands as the main «stress» factor, causes cellular and extracellular structural changes in the glands. Because the resistance of the adrenal and thyroid glands to hypoxia, especially strong short-term hypoxic effects, is different, the cells (adrenocytes and thyrosites), vessels and connective tissue structures of the glands respond with varying degrees of damage and changes with different morphofunctional reactions. Dystrophic and destructive changes in the adrenal gland, especially on the ultrastructural level are more pronounced, as the adrenal gland is more and more exposed to the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors compared to the thyroid gland. Keywords: Electron microscopy, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, acute hypoxia.