Аналіз проблем розвитку атомної, теплової та відновлюваної енергетики в енергосистемі України

Abstract

In order to research the process of development of the energy systems of Ukraine, the current status and problems of development of nuclear, thermal and renewable energy are analyzed. The global trends in the development of nuclear energy is identified and it is noted that after the short-term decline caused by the accident at the «Fukushima-1» nuclear power plant, a gradual increase in the number of operating reactors has begun. The crisis situation in the nuclear and thermal energy market is outlined. Within the framework of the existing PSO (Public Service Obligation) model, the National nuclear power generating company «Energoatom» suffers significant losses. The limitation of electrical energy production at nuclear power plants in 2020 is an insufficiently grounded measure that will adversely affect the energy security of the country. Shutting down the power units of nuclear plants means that instead of producing energy one begins to consume energy, while a constant duty with ongoing servicing of equipment and maintaining the security systems is required. It is indicated that the coal-fired power plants of Ukraine have already developed their estimated resource and have an extremely low usage rate of installed capacity. In addition, coal-fired power plants in Ukraine are used in maneuvering modes, to cover peak loads, which leads to accelerated wear and tear of equipment and reduces production efficiency. A comparative analysis of the development of renewable energy sources (RES) is carried out and it is proved that the increase in electrical energy production due to RES requires the development of sufficient maneuvering capacities. The current situation indicates that the capacities of HPP and PHES are not sufficient, so at this time coal-fired power plants are used for such purposes, but such a part-time mode of operation leads to further wear and tear of equipment and an increase in emergency situations.