Исследования по биологической продуктивности лесов в Институте лесоведения РАН

Abstract

Рассмотрены история, методика и результаты почти 70-летних исследований по первичной биологической продуктивности лесов в Институте лесоведения РАН. За этот период исследования, направленные в основном на получение фактического материала о фитомассе и годичной продукции лесных фитоценозов, перешли на новый качественный уровень разработку нормативной базы для определения биологической продуктивности лесов и теории продукционного процесса. Over the years of research at the Institute of Forest Science RAS, a unique material has been obtained on the biological productivity of forest biogeocenoses in various natural zones of the European part of Russia. Throughout the research, much attention was paid to methodological issues, which made it possible to ensure sufficient accuracy and reliability of the data obtained during field work, office and statistical processing of the material. The presence of a long-term monitoring network made it possible to organize long-term monitoring of the forest biogeocenoses production process at permanent plots. Along with works on the assessment of the biological productivity of vegetation cover and the study of biological cycle in biogeocenoses, the Institute also develops theoretical questions, in particular, formulated the concept of production invariance of forest phytocenoses, outlined approaches to dividing the canopy of forest stands into biogeo-horizon. Together with the CEPF RAS, a regulatory framework was created for assessing the phytomass of forests and its dynamics, which made it possible to evaluate pools and carbon fluxes on the territory of the forest fund of Russia and some federal districts and federal subjects. The data on the biological productivity of the age series of stands and monitoring of the production process at permanent plots of observation made it possible to approach the preparation of the balance of organic matter in the aboveground part of forest phytocenoses. An assessment is made of the production potential of forest phytocenoses forming on abandoned agricultural lands and their impact on the regional carbon cycle. Further research in the study of biological productivity is focused, first of all, on improving the regulatory framework for determining phytomass and annual production of forest phytocenoses and developing the theoretical foundations of the production process.