Abstract
The mass development of fungal diseases of grain crops leads to a decrease in grain yielding capacity and deterioration of its quality. Crops are particularly threatened by pathogenic agents, including the causative agents of Fusarium head blight, which can contaminate crop supplies with mycotoxins and have a negative impact on human health. The treatment of winter wheat crops with fungicides is considered to be one of the main measures to limit the development of fusariosis. Our research was aimed at studying the effectiveness of modern fungicides applied to control the development of pathogens of Fusarium head blight in the agrophytocenosis of winter wheat. Such species as F. graminearum (68.0 %), F. oxysporum (17.0 %) and F. culmorum (7.0 %) were found to be the most common species of winter wheat mycobiota. The application of fungicides in the phase of BBCH 59–61 of winter wheat promotes to the decrease in the development of Fusarium head blight pathogens by 14.4–18.0 %. The technical efficiency of modern fungicides used for the protection of winter wheat from Fusarium head blight is 70–88 %. A considerable conservation of the grain yield – 0.29–0.55 t/ha compared to the control (water treatment) resulted from the treatment of winter wheat crops with modern fungicides with different chemical composition. The treatment of crops with fungicides Suprim, EW (tebuconazole, 133 g/l + prochloraz, 267 g/l) and Reks Duo, SC (epoxiconazole, 187 g/l + thiophanate-methyl, 310, g/l) ensures the yield preservation up to 0.37– 0.41 t/ha. The highest grain yield (8.19 t/ha) was obtained while treating winter wheat crops with the fungicide Osiris Star, EC (epoxiconazole, 56.25 g + metconazole, 41.25 g/l) with a consumption rate of 1.5 l/ha. Comparing to the treatment of crops with water, the yield preserved is 7.2 %. Further research should be focused on studying the species composition of the microbiota of winter wheat seeds depending on the fungicides applied in the phase of BBCH 59-61.
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