基于系统保护理念的弹性生态保护空间划定——以广东省茂名市为例

Abstract

有效识别生态保护空间对维护区域生物多样性，提升生态系统服务具有重要作用。考虑山水林田湖草系统保护战略需求以及既往弹性生态保护研究不足，基于可持续发展目标下生态保护概念内涵，系统解析弹性生态保护空间的内在要求；立足生态系统服务视角，以沿海特色发展区——广东省茂名市为研究区，在考虑传统重要生态功能的基础上，基于区域特点选取气候调节功能、粮食供给功能、生物保护功能、水源涵养功能、土壤保护功能5项生态系统服务作为保护对象；通过改进的MARXAN模型提取弹性生态保护空间，并对相关结果的有效性进行了验证。研究结果表明：①茂名市各项生态系统服务空间分布存在差异，综合生态系统服务高值区主要分布在北部山区，低值区主要集中在南部城镇建设区；②考虑限制条件和保护成本的系统保护规划方法在生态保护空间划定上具有一定优势，系统保护规划结果与生态保护红线重叠面积1505.02 km²，占生态保护红线面积的83.43%，其余区域主要由林草地类、园地类、耕地类组成，占比分别为45.92%、19.71%、22.24%；③在未来生态保护建设中，应针对系统保护规划内生态红线核心区、一般保护区、基本农田区分别开展生态保护加强管理、生态系统服务综合提升、生态农业建设等多样化整治策略。;Effective identification of important ecological function areas plays an important role in maintaining regional biodiversity and improving ecosystem services. Considering the strategic needs of the systematic conservation of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands and the lack of previous research on flexible ecological protection, this paper systematically analyzed the inherent requirements of flexible ecological protection space based on the concept of ecological protection under the sustainable development goals. Based on the perspective of ecosystem services, the consideration of important ecological functions and regional characteristics, this paper took the coastal characteristic development zone-Maoming City of Guangdong Province as the research area to select five ecosystem services, including climate regulation function, food supply function, biological protection function, water conservation function, and soil protection function as protection objects. This paper has obtained the ecological protection space through improved MARXAN model, and further verified the effectiveness of research results. The research results show that:① there are differences in the spatial distribution of various ecosystem services in Maoming. The high-value areas of comprehensive ecosystem services are mainly distributed in the northern mountainous areas, and the low-value areas are mainly concentrated in the southern urban construction area. ② The systematic conservation planning method which took into account the constraints and the protection costs had certain advantages in the delineation of ecological protection space. The ecological protection red line area in the systematic conservation planning result is 1505.02 km², accounting for 83.43% of the ecological protection red line area. The rest area is mainly composed of forest and grassland, garden land, and cultivated land, accounting for 45.92%, 19.71%, and 22.24%, respectively. ③ In the future ecological protection construction, the diversified remediation strategies such as enhanced management of ecological protection, comprehensive improvement of ecosystem services, and construction of ecological agriculture should be carried out for the core ecological red line, general protected areas, and basic farmland areas in the systematic conservation planning.