Исторический идеал как сценарий для будущего: генезис и эволюция теократического проекта В.С. Соловьёва

Abstract

The article is devoted to the historical and philosophical reconstruction of the conception of the free and universal Theocracy by Vladimir Solovyov. Ideological roots of this concept in the work of Solovyov are disclosed; main stages of its theoretical development are illuminated; the cultural and historical context and the primary reception of the Theocracy as the key idea in Solovyov’s system in the period of 1880s are shown. In this period, which has started with the number of publications in “Rus” newspaper (1881–1882) and finished with the publication of his main work “Russia and the Universal Church” (Paris, 1889), the idea of the union of Orthodox and Catholic churches was the main condition of the idea of the free Theocracy. The history of writing and publication of unfinished Solovyov’s work “The History and the Future of Theocracy” is examined. The attempt of the textual reconstruction of the author’s thought was made. This attempt is caused by the fact that none of the three published editions of this work (separate chapters in the magazine “Orthodox Review”, Zagreb’s edition and posthumous edition in the Collected works under the editorship of Ėrnest Radlov and Sergey Solovyov) can be considered as a true and full author’s thought. The development of this theme by Solovyov is considered in the context of thinker’s ideological evolution, which resulted in his disappointment in the utopian ideal of Theocracy, reflected in works “On the Decline of the Medieval World Outlook” (1891) and “War, Progress, and the End of History: Three Conversations” (1900). The question of the meaning of Soloviev’s theocratic project in which the thinker tried to find a way of resolution of current problems of his time by appealing to Medieval religious and political conceptions is raised.