Abstract
The article presents the first experimental data on the cultivation of the Siberian apple tree in the conditions of the alas of Yakutia on the example of the school district of the MBOU "Ozhulunskaya secondary school". Long-term results of research (2017-2022) confirmed the plasticity of this crop in terms of the biological trait of winter hardiness. So, during the cold winter of 2021, the sum of the minimum temperatures is minus 5554.7 ° С. In January, the minimum temperature reached minus 54 °C. The provision of moisture during the growing season was at the hydrothermal coefficient (hereinafter HTC) an average of 0.62 over 5 years. In the course of the research, the landing site was chosen open, well warmed by the sun. The soil scheme of the planting pit for the apple tree was established to a depth of 50 cm. The growth and development of the Siberian apple tree was recorded. The main phenological phases of apple tree development under alas conditions against the background without irrigation were determined. Accounting for the height of the Siberian apple tree showed that the maximum growth of the main trunk falls on the age of 5, which is 53 cm of growth. At the same time, the height of the apple tree reached 123 cm. By the age of 6, the growth reaches 37 cm and the height of the apple tree is 169 cm. It was planned to establish a fruit and berry garden in the alas permafrost zone. To increase the durability of a tree, its winter hardiness should be increased. An important factor is agricultural technology, but the basis of longevity is the right choice of the location of the apple tree itself, then the rootstock, the base of the tree. The winter hardiness of the Siberian apple tree in the conditions of the alas of the Churapchinsky district showed a satisfactory assessment after the first overwintering of 2 seedlings, one remained with excellent winter hardiness in the next 4 years of research. In the future, the selected seedling without shelter can serve as forms of adapted material for landscaping gardens and parks, obtaining high-quality apple fruits. Keywords: SEEDLINGS, SIBERIAN APPLE TREE, WINTER HARDINESS, ALAS, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SIBERIAN APPLE TREE
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