Abstract
Mixed convection in a horizontal channel loaded with discrete material and equipped with a top exhaust is studied experimentally and numerically. Experimental measurements are compared with numeric al predictions to validate the two-dimensional numerical model. The observed steady flow is two-dimensional while unsteady convection, triggered at a critical Richardson number, is highly three-dimensional. Measured temperatures and those predicted with a two-dimensional numerical model are in good agreement. Because the steady convection is two-dimensional, the two-dimensional model performs well in predicting temperatures within the system. Even in unsteady three-dimensional flow, the numerical predictions are close to the measured time-mean air and plate temperatures. The model, however, underestimates the critical Richardson number which indicates the onset of the thermally-induced transition to unsteady convection.
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