Ефективність заходів підтримання продуктивності лучних травостоїв довготривалого використання

Abstract

Goal. To establish the influence of the system of fertilizers and annual improvement of fodder lands of long-term use by the method of sowing seeds with low norms on grass yield and fodder nutrition. Methods. Field — to establish the biometric data, laboratory — to make agrochemical analysis of feed, and statistical. Results. According to the results of scientific research during 2016–2020, a positive impact was established of annual improvement of fodder lands of long-term use on botanical composition, yield and fodder quality by low sowing rates of grasses. Thus, the number of shoots per unit area increased on average on 10% — from 1922 to 2108 pieces/m2. In the structural composition, the share of the bean component in pasture use was up to 35, in raw — up to 43%. The negative influence of intensive fertilizer system on the structural composition of grass mixtures (reduction of bean component by 43–69%) was established. On average over the years of research, the yield of grass mixtures for pasture use was 14.1–23.9 t/ha of green or 3.2–5.5 t/ha of dry matter, feed units — 2.15–3.61, digestible protein — 0.32–0.71 t/ha; for raw material use — 31.7–51.0 t/ha of green or 7.0–11.0 t/ha of dry mass, feed units — 4.32–7.18, digestible protein — 0.54–0.86 t/ha, depending on fertilizer and composition of grass mixtures. With the use of organo-mineral fertilizer Ecoplant the number of shoots per unit area increased by 6–9%, with the application of complex mineral fertilizer N16R16K16 — by 6–32%, and with intensive fertilizer system — by 8–24%. Yields increased by 18–28%, 49–56 and 13–25%, respectively, depending on the group of maturity of grass mixtures and the direction of their use. The annual improvement contributes to a more balanced supply of feed from them during the growing season. It is established that the most economically feasible is the system of fertilization with complex fertilizers in the norm of N16P16K16, which allows reducing the cost of green fodder by 7.6–33.4%. Conclusions. Annual improvement of forage lands by small sowing rates of components in the conditions of climate change promotes full-fledged restoration of grassland. The use of complex mineral fertilizers in the dose of N16P16K16 helps to reduce the cost of green fodder by 33.4%.