Малогабаритные плоские кроны косточковых культур для интенсивного садоводства

Abstract

The unified technology of cultivation of stone crops on the basis of unified system of planting and formation of a small-sized flat crone was developed. The efficiency of stone crops varieties with a small-sized flat crone and their economic efficiency in the production of fruits were studied. As objects of researches we are used: the plum varieties Pamyat’ Tymeryazeva, Syniy Dar, Yaichnaya syniya, Skorospelka krasnaya imparted on a plum clonal stock; the cherry varieties Bulatnikovskaya, Rastorguevskaya, and the sweet cherry varieties Chermashnaya, Serdechko, Iput’, imparted on the clonal stock Izmajlovskiy. The scheme of placing of trees was 4 х 1,5 m. Year of planting of a cherry was 1995, of plums and sweet cherries was 1998. Frequency of eve- ryone variety-stock combinations was fivefold. The generated crone has dimensions of 1,5-1,7 m in diameter and 2,2-2,5 m in height. At such forming crones the efficiency of the variety depends on fructification type. The crone is highly productive at formation of fruit branches on 1-2-nd order of branching and unproductive at their formation on 3-4-th. The harvest for 13 years of fructification at plum varieties fluctuated from 17,6 to 170 centner/ha; at sweet cherries from 65,2 to 76,3 centner/ha; at cherries from 38,3 to 77,6 centner/ha. The average profit for years of fructification at plum and sweet cherry was 358 thousand rubles/ha, at cherry 202 thousand rubles/ha, with profitability of 190 %, 231 % and 138 % respectively.