Математические методы многокритериального оценивания привлекательности проектов

Abstract

Introduction. Management of enterprises and organizations with the help of projects is a modern approach in management, which allows modern enterprises to develop effectively. As a result of the project activity of the enterprise, one of the main stages is the evaluation and selection of the best projects available. Aim. Description of mathematical models and methods of their implementation to obtain integral estimates of the attractiveness of projects. Materials and methods. The paper describes the methods of projects multi-criteria evaluation. The traditional additive method, which is widely used in assessing the attractiveness of projects, is considered. Two original methods are presented as an alternative to the additive method. One is based on the theories of latent variables, the other is based on the theory of fuzzy sets. The method of evaluating the attractiveness of projects, based on the theory of fuzzy sets, is used when it is impossible to evaluate projects by criteria using natural scales. The set of projects from the point of view of the attractiveness of projects for each criterion is considered as a fuzzy set with a given membership function. Results. The technique of obtaining estimates, the analysis of the properties of estimates. It is shown that the method based on the theory of latent variables has a number of advantages over the additive method: the linearity of the estimates obtained, their independence from the set of projects and a set of criteria. A technique for obtaining a numerical solution of the optimization problem required when using a method based on the theory of latent variables is presented. Computational experiments were carried out, which showed that the method based on the theory of latent variables gives adequate estimates of the attractiveness of projects. For the practical implementation of the methods, an example of the organization of calculations in MS Excel. Conclusion. The proposed methods will allow for a more objective assessment and selection of projects, allowing economic entities to develop effectively.