Досвід деяких країн із підготовки засуджених до звільнення з місць позбавлення волі

Abstract

In the article, on the example of foreign countries, the issues of preparation for the release of prisoners from places of imprisonment are being investigated. It is argued that to date, in the criminal-executive policy of Ukraine, the work of the convicts is not fully carried out, aimed at positive social adaptation, in connection with which a qualitative reform of the criminal-executive system is necessary. It is noted that such organization of the process of preparation of prisoners for dismissal will be effective, which will eliminate as many as possible post-penitentiary problems. Such problems are proposed to be divided into external (objective) and internal (subjective). For example, countries such as the Federal Republic of Germany and the Federal Republic of Austria have analyzed the implementation of the right of prisoners of conscience. It has been found that the work of convicts in these countries is mandatory and is included in the list of evaluation criteria for implementing an individual correction program. Convicts are provided with work based on their specialty, and those who do not have a profession get it in the institution. The certificate of obtaining a profession is made in such a way that it is impossible to know that it has been obtained in places of deprivation of liberty. The example of Switzerland is concerned with the employment of prisoners, where, in order to increase their chances in the labor market after their release, there is not a single monopoly on the basis of prisons and colonies, and a large number of workshops, which are not taxed partly. The attention is drawn to the experience of the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany, which are aimed at full educational adaptation. The experience of Japan, the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Federal Republic of Germany in providing sheltered prisoners after release has also been analyzed. It has been determined that transitional homes in these countries, as well as dormitories for convicts, in which they have the opportunity of temporary residence, are determined. On the basis of the analyzed material, conclusions were made regarding the necessity of introducing a positive foreign experience, namely: effective use of the convicts, which will enable them to achieve such positive changes in their personality, which will facilitate the return to independent socio-normative life in society; the need to provide convicts with specialized workplaces after release from places of detention, to consolidate the skills acquired there; the need for education by convicts, which should become a mandatory point of correctional work with them; provision of temporary residents for imprisonment after being released from places of deprivation of liberty in order to facilitate their orientation to the will and to allow adjustment for a certain period of time.