Особенности развития духовности современного человека. Диалектический подход к рассмотрению проблемы

Abstract

In this paper, we propose to discuss possible ways to develop the psyche of a modern person, more precisely, the features of the development of the subjective sphere on the example of the development of his spirituality in the conditions of the formation of modern society. The research is carried out in the context of L. S. Vygotsky’s cultural and historical approach to the study of the psyche, further consideration and clarification of which in its entirety was carried out in the works of human dialectics philosophers (E. V. Ilyenkov, A. S. Arsenyev, V. S. Bibler, F. T. Mikhailov). The paper shows that a necessary condition for the implementation of the dialectical approach to the study of the human psyche is its consideration in interaction with the surrounding world. In this regard, the analysis of the activity performed by the subject is presented as having a dual nature, in accordance with the duality of the world in which a person lives. Based on the analysis of the duality of the activity performed by the subject, it is proposed to consider the mechanism of interaction between its two sides: semantic and operational-technical in the logic of Dialogue (V. S. Bibler). The process of mental development of a person is characterized as a constant interaction of two sides of the activity (consciousness), where one of them is a stimulus for the development of the second, which allows us to characterize the entire cycle of activity. The analysis of the interaction process of the content of the performed activity in accordance with the changing meanings of the subject allows us to show differences in the logic of its development. The logic of cause-and-effect relations and goal-setting logic are characterized, each of which is applicable to a certain type of activity: with objects of the material world and living people. As a result, based on the analysis of observed phenomena in life, the factors that contribute to and hinder the mental development of a person are presented.