たん白質, アミノ酸の臨床栄養学的研究

Abstract

The present paper summarizes our studies, which have been carried out since 1959, on the role of dietary protein and amino acid in the pathogenesis of beri-beri, chronic liver disease and diabetes mellitus. Some trials in enforcing the protein intakes of the anorectic patients were also presented.Although thiamine deficiency is the essential cause of beri-beri, the amount and/or quality of dietary protein also may play an important role in the development and course of the disease. The symptoms and signs of beri-beri, and the thiamine deficiency in the tissues of the rats developed more rapidly and intensively, when they were fed with the thiamine deficient diet containing protein in lower amount or protein having a lower protein score, than that containing protein in higher amount or protein having a higher protein score.High calorie high protein diet has been accepted for the dietary treatment of liver disease. Higher amount or better quality of dietary protein was confirmed to give a greater resistance to the CCl4 treated rats in the development of enzymatic and histological damage of the liver. The same kind of diet was seen to have a better influence in the clinical course and laboratory data of the patients with chronic liver disease.The glucose tolerance was impaired more severely in the alloxan treated rats fed with lower amount of protein or the protein of lower protein score, suggesting that the dietary protein having better essential amino acid composition may have the more benefical effect in the treatment of the diabetic patients.A dietary supplement similar to the one proposed by Peters et al. was given as a prescription to the anorectic patients with liver cirrhosis and with other diseases. The caloric intakes of the patients increased greatly by this mean and better nitrogen balances were obtained in many patients.An amino acid mixture with amino acid composition of the human milk was given parenterally to the anorectic patients. The amino acids in the serum and urine indicated that the amino acids were utilized highly. C14 incorporation in the serum albumin increased when C14-carbonate was given to the rats who had received the mixture.