城市代谢研究评述：内涵与方法

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 城市代谢研究评述:内涵与方法 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201306091538 作者: 作者单位: 北京师范大学环境学院,北京师范大学环境学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(91325302,41271543);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAK30B03);国家基金委创新研究群体科学基金(51121003);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20130003110027) A review on urban metabolism: connotation and methodology Author: Affiliation: School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:随着城市发展面临的生态问题日益显著,部分研究者试图通过对自然生态系统进行类比来寻求解决途径,城市代谢理论应运而生。当以系统科学来研究城市生态系统时,哲学思想的引入为探索和城市及城市代谢的内涵提供了最原始的桥梁。因此,在介绍城市代谢内涵与研究进展的基础上,融合产业、家庭、社会等多尺度代谢理论,对城市代谢的边界进行扩展,将其分为狭义与广义两类,结合亚里士多德的"四因说"对其质料因(组分)、形式因(结构)、动力因(驱动力)和目的因(功能)进行识别分析,据此将城市代谢研究方法归纳为质料、形式和混合研究方法三类,并提出未来研究的主要动向和解决手段。城市代谢"四因图"可为相关研究者提供参考。 Abstract:Facing the pressing ecological problems caused by urbanization, researchers have tried to seek for an effective solution with urban metabolism theory originated from the analogy of natural ecosystem. The metabolic concept has been introduced into artificial ecosystem and thus shapes the theoretical frameworks of the urban metabolism, industrial metabolism, household metabolism and social metabolism, blazing new trials for the urban metabolic studies. In order to penetrate into the urban metabolism issues, we divided the concept with the generalized and specific senses according to different metabolic objects and boundaries. The Aristotelian causality explores the constituted causes of a thing, embracing the material cause, formal cause, efficient cause, and final cause. A four-causes-map for urban metabolism on the perspective of Aristotle's wisdom was thereby proposed to set up an integrated framework of multi-scale metabolic theories. The urban metabolism studies that have been widely extended and stimulated with myriad innovative methodologies can be interpreted as three main streams in view of Four Causes: 1) Material-based methodology emphasizing the energy and material fluxes of metabolic processes, e.g., material flow analysis,embodied energy (emergy) analysis; 2) Form-based methodology shaping the external morphology and internal structure of urban metabolism, e.g., spatial analysis, ecological footprint and ecological network analysis; 3) Hybrid methodology providing a panoramic figure of urban metabolism. Finally, the future trends and potential solutions were discussed to explore the metabolic pattern and carrying capacity issues relevant to the concrete urban planning activities. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献