Традиционная и новая культура на постсоветском про странстве: синтез или сосуществование?

Abstract

The transition of the countries of the world to the sixth economic structure presupposes both socio-economic reforms and changes in the national culture, in which the orientation towards improving the quality of life, creativity and independence is more and more manifested. At the same time, traditions do not disappear. They are either synthesized with a new culture or coexist with its samples, often hindering the introduction of innovations. The purpose of the work is to determine the vectors of development of traditional and new cultures of the population living in the territory of the former USSR. The authors tried to answer the question of what determines the life of representatives of the soviet and post-soviet generations - archaic, modern, the coexistence of traditions and innovations or their synthesis. As part of the study, the characteristic manifestations of traditional and new cultures in society are highlighted, a methodological scheme for their study based on sociological data (based on the theoretical approaches of G. Hofstede) is developed, which is tested on the materials of representative questionnaires conducted by the authors in 2016 among the urban population of Vologda (408 people interviewed) and Yerevan (250 people interviewed). The analysis compared the opinions of representatives of two generations: youth (under 30 years old) and the older generation (over 55 years old). A qualitatively new result of the study was the original author's model of analysis of the manifestations of traditional and new cultures in society. It contains a set of sociological indicators corresponding to the typological features of culture (from the type of thinking that dominates in society to the attitude to social reality). Each of these indicators is distinguished by a different degree of manifestation in modern society and modern society. Based on the analysis of the results of these surveys, the mods of traditional culture (family values, attitude to material wealth, etc.), as well as new phenomena in public consciousness (Internet activity, concern for a healthy lifestyle, etc.) were identified. On the example of the Russian and Armenian population, the significance of the institution of the family and archetypes for the formation of life values is considered. The role of the young generation in the formation of the “new culture” and the older generation in preserving the pattern of “a simple Soviet man” is defined. In the conclusion, the interrelation of traditions and innovations in the life of Russian and Armenian societies is determined, the conditions for the synthesis of old and new samples of human life for the development of culture are clarified, the possible prospects of cultural genesis in the post-soviet space (tradation, countradrading, posttrading) are determined.