Аналіз підготовленості висококваліфікованих єдиноборців на підставі оцінки сенсомоторних реакцій

Abstract

Purpose: to determine and analyze the sensorimotor reactions of a highly qualified judoka and offer recommendations for improving the quality of the training program for preparing for competitions. Material and methods. In this study, the following scientific methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature; pedagogical observations; instrumental method; mathematical and statistical research methods. The study involved the champion of the 23-year Deaflympic Games in judo in the team. To determine the level of manifestation of sensorimotor reactions of the judoka, it was proposed to perform the following psychophysiological tests: determining the volume of perception of the number of visual signals; assessment of functional asymmetry; determination of the choice reaction; determination of reaction to a moving object; determination of a simple visual-motor reaction. Results: it was determined that the psychophysiological functions of a person are the biological foundation of the individual-typological features of the higher nervous system, they characterize the process of formation and improvement of special motor skills in the conditions of training and competitive activity. According to the results of a scientific study, the features of the manifestation of sensorimotor reactions in the examined judoist were revealed. Thus, the analysis of the dynamics of passing the test to determine the volume of perception showed that an athlete can control excitement, mobilize attention, quickly adapt to the appropriate work. Based on the analysis of the results of the test to determine the functional asymmetry, it was noted that the frequency of movements in the examined athlete is less than model values, and the reaction time and duration of pressing decrease at stages 2 and 3. The dynamics of changes in the frequency of pressing during the test indicates the strength of the nervous system and requires additional studies to assess it more accurately. An analysis of the dynamics of the test results to determine the «Choice Reaction» indicates that the athlete who was examined has the ability to adapt to the corresponding work (decrease in reaction time from stages 1 to 3) and has an average level of choice reaction of 569,1-705,4 ms ( according to the model characteristics of highly qualified combatants). According to the results of the study of the reaction to a moving object, it was found that the athlete has a high level of manifestation of this type of reaction – 12,7 ms (according to the model value of highly qualified combatants). Conclusions. It has been determined that the adequacy of the reaction of psychophysiological functions to training or competitive loads can be an indicator of the level of an athlete's preparedness. Based on the analysis of the results of the evaluation of sensorimotor reactions, the characteristics of some aspects of the preparedness of the female athlete who was examined were formed. The positive characteristics include: the ability to predict the occurrence of an event, to feel the time and distance, the prerequisites for successfully conducting counterattacks, the ability to perform technical and tactical actions in both stances (with a sufficient level of technical preparedness), control excitement, mobilize attention, adapt to the proposed work. Keywords: judo; elite athlete, sensorimotor reactions, volume of perception, training process.