Розвиток студій з біблійної археології у Київській духовній академії у другій половині ХІХ ст.

Abstract

The article highlights the contribution of the Kyiv Theological Academy to the deployment of research in biblical archaeology. Contribution of the Academy's teachers to the development of biblical archaeology in Ukraine is revealed. An object of biblical archaeology as a science is the study of various manifestations of the life of the biblical (Old Jewish) people. They are reflected in the New and Old Testaments, civil literature and, especially, in the material evidence of ancient times. In the territory of the Russian Empire, biblical archaeology began to develop in the XIX century. On the territory of Ukraine, an authoritative centre for the development of this area was the Kyiv Theological Academy. The results of their scientific research were published on the pages of the journal “The Proceedings of the Kyiv Theological Academy” under the heading “Jewish Language and Biblical Archaeology”. It covered the study of ancient material culture as a biblical source. Thus, in 1874, in the journal was published the Russian translation of the book “A Guide to Biblical Archaeology” by K. Kayle. On the pages of his book, the author formed the basic principles of biblical archaeology science. In the 60 years of the XIX century Professor O. Olesnitsky (1842–1907) worked as a teacher of biblical archeology at the Kyiv Theological Academy. He worked as an archeologist at the excavations of the fortification wall of Jerusalem. He managed to put the study of biblical archaeology on a strictly scientific ground. A thorough study of the methods of biblical archaeology belongs to M. Makkoevsky. He had the goal to explore life and the last days of Christ. In his work, he tried to answer a number of practical theological questions. The works of Kyiv researchers have demonstrated excellent mastery of advanced methods of excavation and analysis of archaeological material, which were later widely used in other archaeological practices. Key words: biblical archaeology, Kyiv Theological Academy, A. Olesnitsky, M. Makkaevsky, K. Kayle.