Abstract
As the working substance vapor compression refrigeration machines (VCRM) and heat pumps (HP) can use different gases. These include not only specifically synthesized chemical compounds, but also natural refrigerants - ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons. Described cooling cycles useful for work a carbon dioxide (R744). Discussed subcritical, transcritical, throttle, and throttle-expander cascade cycle in which carbon dioxide used as the low-temperature refrigerant circuit. Attention paid to the analysis of the merits of carbon dioxide cycle, which enabled the compressor of Vorhis. Shows a comparison the characteristics of the throttle cycles at different temperatures cooling, one- and two-stage compression. Is set out short history of creation refrigeration units and heat pumps operating on CO2, indicated their main manufacturers producing equipment, taking into account characteristics of the working substance which be used. The advantages of heating and cooling systems working on carbon dioxide, compared with systems using alternative refrigerants.
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