Криминалистический потенциал заимствования коммуникативных моделей в тактику проведения допроса

Abstract

The article deals with the problem of interdisciplinary research related to the borrowing of communication models from related sciences into the forensic tactic of investigative actions. The subject matter of the research is the interpersonal interaction of interrogation participants. The study used the general research methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, system analysis, as well as the specific modeling and comparative-historical research methods. The article contains the following conclusions. Communication models are a field of interdisciplinary research that has significant potential for borrowing into forensic science in order to improve the efficiency of preliminary investigation. The existing definitions of communication that are based on the allocation of semantic components are grouped into the following approaches: cybernetic, semiotic, etho-logical, and psychological. Semantic components were established for each approach to the definition of communication by abstracting: in the cybernetic approach, it is a system of information transmission; in the semiotic approach, it is a meaningful message; in the ethological approach, it is a coordinated activity; in the psychological approach, it is an individual. The final conclusion is the idea that the forensic potential of borrowing communication models into the tactic of interrogation is based on the extent to which the approach to defining communication, within which a specific model was created, corresponds to the tasks solved by means of a certain forensic toolkit. The cybernetic approach abstracts communication into a system of information, the content of which is blocks of data. Accordingly, the sphere of forensic characterization of crimes, used as a system for grouping information contained in the testimony of the interrogated, has the greatest p otential for borrowing cybernetic models of communication. The semiotic approach focuses on the meaning that is embedded in the behavior of interrogation participants and the ways in which it is conveyed. Respectively, the sphere of overcoming the interrogated person's opposition and the tactic of targeted influence have the greatest potential for borrowing semiotic communication models. The ethological approach is focused on interaction as the need for coordinated actions of the participants in communication. Accordingly, the greatest potential for borrowing ethological models of communication belongs to the sphere of coordinating the actions of the participants in the investigation team, as well as developing tactical combinations. The psychological approach is based on the unique personality of the offender. Respectively, the sphere of establishing psychological contact and personification of tactical methods of interrogation has the greatest potential for borrowing ethological models of communication.