Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop posterior-anterior cephalometric standards for Japanese adult males and females. The subjects evaluated in the study included 138 males with a mean age of 21.3 years and 69 females with a mean age of 21 years. All individuals in this study had normal occlusion, no apparent facialasymmetry and none had undergone orthodontic or orthognathic therapies. We chos 11 points in their posterior-anterior cephalograms. Distances and angles betweenthese points were measured and analyzed statistically with the t test. We developed a five-cornered criteria figure (pentagon) which is used as a standard parameter of facial symmetry. Two pentagons were made for males (upper and lower jaws) and two for females (upper and lower jaws), and the Pentagons of both males and females were compared. The upper face in males was wider than in females. Also, the males had a higher facial height than females due to the difference in ramus height. Both males and females showed no significant differences in angular measurements.Conclusion: This criteria figure (pentagon) can be used as a reference standard for diagnosis of patients with various facial asymmetries. It can also be used for evaluation of treatment goals and informed consent.
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