РАЗРАБОТКА МИКРОПОЛОСКОВОЙ РЕШЕТКИ С НАКЛОННЫМ РАСКРЫВОМ И СНИЖЕННЫМ ЧИСЛОМ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ РЕГУЛИРОВКИ АМПЛИТУДНО-ФАЗОВОГО РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ДЛЯ МАЛОВЫСОТНОЙ МЕТЕОНАВИГАЦИИ БПЛА В АРКТИКЕ

Abstract

Problem statement. The development of hard-to-reach regions in the absence of ground-based navigation systems and data sources on the meteorological situation can cause an increase in the number of aviation accidents. For small Arctic aviation, there is a need to introduce onboard radar stations that solve various tasks: from ensuring flight safety to analyzing the situation at sea in the area of the escorted vessel. In low-altitude flight conditions, re-reflections from the underlying surface coming along the side lobes of the antenna pattern lead to the identification of false areas dangerous for flight. The paper searches for the requirements for a directional pattern focused on solving the problem of meteorological navigation in polar latitudes. The stages of the development of an antenna with an inclined opening and a deflected main beam of the radiation pattern, which guarantees a very low level of lateral radiation in the lower hemisphere, are presented. Research methods. The mathematical apparatus of the theory of antenna arrays and detection of surface and volume extended radar targets was actively used in the work. Purpose. To substantiate the prospects of using antenna arrays with an inclined opening and a beam to solve meteorological navigation problems. To outline the main stages of the synthesis of a patch antenna, which is characterized by a low level of lateral radiation in the lower hemisphere. Results. The results of modeling are presented, which allow us to obtain requirements for the parameters of antenna systems for meteorological navigation onboard radars operating in polar latitudes. The results of a comparative analysis of an inclined patch antenna array and an antenna array with an opening slope and an inclination of the beam of the opposite sign to reduce the level of lateral radiation are presented. Practical significance. The results of the work can be used in determining the requirements for radiation characteristics, as well as in the development of original designs of patch antenna arrays of reduced cost for small-sized airborne radars of low-altitude carriers in order to increase the probability of correct detection of dangerous weather formations for flight.