Abstract
James S. Fishkin is one of the major theorists who have intensively studied on the problem of deliberation from the beginning of the theory of deliberative democracy. Theory of citizen-led deliberative democracy could be understood as the latest type of democracy in his typology of democracy. But, his theory of deliberative democracy involves some internal limitations. For example, the analyses of both the role of political representation in the history of Western democracies and changes in its character are not sufficiently reflected in Fishkin’s theory of democracy. Especially, the connection from elite deliberation to civic-led deliberation does not seem to be smooth. From this viewpoint, this study aims to complement Fishkin’s theory of deliberative democracy by examining representation, deliberation, and political equality suggested by Edmund Burke and John Stuart Mill. This attempt is expected to contribute to strengthen the historical, empirical, and theoretical foundations on the function of representation and the main agents of deliberation which are needed for the elaboration of Fishkin's theory of deliberative democracy.
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